Document Details
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Document Type |
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Thesis |
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Document Title |
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Using Advanced Technologies for the Removal of Salts and Some Heavy Metals from brine Waters of Some Desalination Plants in Saudi Arabia استخدام التقنيات المتقدمة لإزالة الأملاح وبعض المعادن الثقيلة من مياه الرجيع لبعض محطات التحلية في المملكة العربية السعودية |
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Subject |
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Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture |
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Document Language |
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Arabic |
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Abstract |
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During the last 30 years’ desalination has developed into a viable alternative water supply in reaction to increasing water shortage. Saudi Arabia has some of the largest desalination facilities in the world, producing over 1million m3 per day. The vast majority of environmental research centered on the effect of desalination plants on the physicochemical properties of receiving ecosystems. Reject brine includes high amounts of various chemicals, such as anti-scale pesticides and inorganic salts, which could have adverse effects on soil and ground water. One of the Saudi Vision 2030 is to achieve sustainability by protecting the environment and preserving natural resources. The present study aims to develop advanced treatment techniques for the remediation of some desalination plants effluents, and the contribution for the protection of the marine environment from the heavy metals such as Cu, Ni, Zn, and Fe as well as other salts and keep them at the allowable levels. The assessment of the 4 desalination plants were performed and based on the higher and lower level of desired contaminants, Yanbu and Rabig desalination plants were selected for the remedy studies. In order to remove the heavy metals and salt brine, initially 8 materials were prepared. The Halloysite nanoclay was performed in a better way for the removal of heavy metals and salts among the prepared 8 materials. The characterization of the Halloysite nanoclay was also assessed in this study.
Halloysite (HS) nanoclay was used for the environmental treatment of desalination brine water discharge via the adsorptive removal of selected heavy metals ions; zinc, iron, nickel, and copper, as well as salinity. Different techniques were used for the characterization of the HS nanoclay and it was found that HS nanoclay exists as transparent hollow nanotubes with high surface area. The study showed that most of the heavy metal ions could be removed successfully using the HS nanoclay in a few minutes, at normal conditions. The adsorptive removal of zinc, iron, nickel, and copper, as well as salinity on HS nanoclay was explored kinetically. It was concluded that the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model was able to describe the remediation process. In addition, it was found that most of the heavy metals and salinity were removed from the desalination plant outfall brine discharge and the final concentrations were lower than those in the control and standard samples. The further modification has done on the HS nanoclay with 8- hydroxyquinoline for the elevation of the removal efficiency. The experiment has performed in the optimized conditions of the dosage, shaking time, pH, and the temperature. The experiment has tested with 20 mg and 30 mg of 8-hydroxyquinoline modification. The maximum uptake was observed at 20 mg of modifications. In order to extent the removal efficiency of heavy metals and salts, different types of membranes were also prepared. Nanoclay membranes were used in the present study in order to remove the heavy metals and salinity from the brine solution of the desalination plant. The performance of the fabricated composite membranes was measured under dynamic conditions. Flux measurement experiments enable the comparison of the pure water permeabilities of different membranes. The current study used 4 types of membranes and the maximum efficiency was observed with modified nanomembrane 2 (MNM 2). Seasonal pattern of the currents at the study site have been analyzed. It is observed that significant reversal in the current pattern for the proposed region. The study has performed based on a 3D hydrodynamic model. The hydrodynamic module from Delft3D software package was used for the hydrodynamic simulation for the Al Yanbu region. |
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Supervisor |
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Dr. Ibrahim Shabbaj |
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Thesis Type |
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Doctorate Thesis |
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Publishing Year |
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1443 AH
2022 AD |
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Co-Supervisor |
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Prof. Mohamed Abdel Salam |
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Added Date |
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Tuesday, December 20, 2022 |
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Researchers
| نايف سلامة الجهني | Al Johani, Naif Salamh | Researcher | Doctorate | |
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