Document Details
|
Document Type |
: |
Thesis |
|
Document Title |
: |
WOMEN IN MAKKAH AND THEIR CULTURALROLE DURING AYYUBID AND MAMLUK PERIODS المرأة في مكة ودورها الحضاري خلال العصرين الأيوبي والمملوكي ( 569 -923هـ / 1164 -1517م ) |
|
Document Language |
: |
Arabic |
|
Abstract |
: |
This study covers the women civilized role in Holy Makkah during Ayubite and Mameluke ages (569-923AH – " 1173-1517AD"). However, despite the political difference of this period, the social conditions remained in most cases the same and did not change. The study aims at shedding light on the civilized role and distinctive status given to woman in Makkah during the above two ages. The female researcher has used in this study the historical method which was founded on the collection of data from its various sources, followed by its due analysis and presentation. During the study, the researcher has remarked the divergence among the various social strata of Makkah women community, such as the stratum of the women of the nobles (Shareef), the stratum of women of Quraish Tribe, the stratum of women of religious leaders, the stratum of women who decided to live permanently near the Holy Mosque till they die, the stratum of women of the common and finally the stratum of the female slaves (concubines). But, despite the fact that the Makkan community was made up of diversified strata, this did not affect its distinctive social coherence which was rarely found in any other similar community. In fact, the Makkan woman has performed the task entrusted to her, such as caring for her family and husband as well as up-bringing of her children. Furthermore, the Makkan community has witnessed a great degree of evolution in its social conditions, such as marriage ceremonies that were characterized by simplicity during Ayubite age. However, during second Mameluke age the case was quite reversal as such ceremonies were surrounded by a great degree of grandeur, luxury and extravagance, including the lightening of numerous torches and, throwing of various nutritious and multi-courses banquets. This was unfortunately accompanied by the spending of huge sum on parties, paying generously to female singers, women head combers and giving brides and bridegrooms invaluable cash or in-kind presents. Like other women, the Makkan woman lived a normal life, married men legally and accepted divorce by men due to many reasons, including, among other things, the tendency of men for polygamy and taking as concubines female slaves under there control. More importantly, there were many social norms, rituals and traditions confined to certain women of Makkan families, such Bani Zaheerah family, whose dead women were used to be brought at a particular place near the Black Stone where the funeral prayer was performed on them. Additionally, after burial, some people recited verses from the Holy Qur'an at Holy Mosque; and this process was termed locally (Raba), but there were certain negative social un-Islamic traditions that unfortunately prevailed in the said era. However, one notices that the Makkan woman had given an exaggerated concern to the meticulous selection of her clothes, from the various types of clothing materials those were especially brought for her from the different corners of the world, particularly from India, China and South East Asian Region. Thus, women, especially those belonging to extravagant wealthy strata, wore beautifully ornamented and finely woven silk and cotton clothes. Additionally, the Makkah woman focused on beauty and used highly flagrant and excellent perfumes which were taken as an example for the age, as this matter had drawn attention of the famous Arab traveler Ibn Batouta. Furthermore, the Makkah woman has played a significant civilized role in projecting her abilities in the preparation of verified nutritious , delicious and multi- course meals as well unique pastries and confectionaries as well as special Makkan soft drinks and juice which were ceremonially served at happy private and public occasions. During the Ayubite and Mameluke ages, the role of the Makkan woman was not confined only to her care with herself and family, but also to serving knowledge and education. In fact, she learned seriously and became educated conveyed what she learned to her female fellows, became prominent in Hadith science, competed with man till she reached a higher degree in Hadith science. Moreover, she received religious teaching titles such as a source Shaikha (female of Shaikh).and traveled abroad for the attainment of knowledge and was hence awarded Igaza (religious degree equivalent to Masters), became qualified and awarded such qualifications to other females. Likewise, the Makkah woman made great contribution in charitable works such as construction of accommodation (RIBAT), providing sustenance to the poor and digging of wells and making available endowment and giving out of charities. Furthermore, she practiced certain professions such as trade, selling of inconse, perfumes and coffee. Finally, she assumed some administrative jobs such as supervisors of endowment and head of public service. To sum up, she played a substantial positive role in the public life and was not a valueless individual or a burden on society. |
|
Supervisor |
: |
ABDULALLH AGEL ANGAWI |
|
Thesis Type |
: |
Doctorate Thesis |
|
Publishing Year |
: |
1430 AH
2009 AD |
|
Number Of Pages |
: |
227 |
|
Added Date |
: |
Tuesday, November 12, 2013 |
|
Researchers
| عائشة مانع العبدلي | ALABDALI, AESHA MANEA | Investigator | Doctorate | |
|
Back To Researches Page
|